Posted by
David C. Innes on Tuesday, February 03, 2009 9:04:40 PM
Harold Kildow writes: What is it about evil that attracts human beings? It is the opposite of
good, destructive of everything human beings hold dear, and find
necessary for survival individually and as a species. All our large
sociological constructs are ordered toward mitigating its destructive
tendencies—religion and politics to be sure, social manners and mores,
but even society itself, and civilization, can be said to be arrayed
against evil and in favor of moral norms that favor not just human
survival but human flourishing. The protection of women and children,
of marriage and family, of trustworthiness and honest dealing, truth
telling, are universally central to human societies. So, the question
again—if evil is so easily recognized as an existential threat, why is
it so pervasive? The dogmatic answer (and I cast no aspersions on the
word or the concept of dogma) is that Original Sin corrupts us so
thoroughly that evil is second nature—actually, according to the Bible,
it is our first nature. In this light, the question becomes, how is it
that any good exists in the world? And again, the dogmatic response is
“greater is He that is in you than he that is in the world.” We are
made in His image, and not even the god of this world can completely
efface that image, try as he might. Yet evil seems to be the reigning
characteristic of this world.
Judea Pearl, the father of slain journalist Daniel Pearl,
writes in today’s WSJ (Feb 3, 09) on the seventh anniversary of his murder, of the acceptance of evil by the academic and journalist elite.
But
somehow, barbarism, often cloaked in the language of "resistance," has
gained acceptance in the most elite circles of our society. The words
"war on terror" cannot be uttered today without fear of offense.
Civilized society, so it seems, is so numbed by violence that it has
lost its gift to be disgusted by evil.
The “gift” of being
able to be disgusted by evil has been a long time in being sloughed
off. Perhaps the point marking the serious turn toward evil was the
advent of the “new journalism” of Truman Capote (In Cold Blood) and
Norman Mailer, (The Executioner’s Song) both of whom made the cool,
dispassionate observation and depiction of murder by cool dispassionate
murderers seem like the setting of a new baseline for analysis. Drawing
on the wired-in impulse toward the grotesque and the evil, first
pointed out by Plato—he has Leontius in the Republic unable to look
away from the floating corpses at the seaport of Athens—journalism,
philosophy, and literary criticism have, as Dr Pearl titles his piece,
“normalized” evil, even made it respectable as a response by the
“Other” to the pc litany of charges against the West. Philosophy
trickles down—what is germinated in seminars, conferences, and books
takes root and spreads across society, taking in an ever larger expanse
of society. Thus, it was not long after Foucault’s celebration of the
Marquis de Sade (Discipline and Punish) before the bloodiest, most
hideous, graphic, and pornographic murder thrillers were on offer from
Hollywood, soon becoming campy, ironic parodies of themselves, offered
up as little more than cartoons for social touch-points for knowing
teens.
Roger Shattuck
analyses evil into four categories: natural evil—weather catastrophes,
plagues, and the like; and three sub-types of human evil:
Moral evil
refers to actions undertaken knowingly to harm or exploit others in
contravention of accepted moral principles or statutes within a society.
Radical evil
applies to immoral behavior so pervasive in a person or a society that
scruples and constraints have been utterly abandoned;…evil so extreme
that it can no longer recognize its own atrocity. Lenin stated it
forcefully: "The dictatorship means -- learn this once and for all --
unrestrained power based on force, not on law."
Metaphysical evil
designates an attitude of assent and approval toward moral and radical
evil, as evidence of superior human will and power. Thus forms of evil
arising from human agency are given a status as inevitable --
effectively a reversion to natural evil.
Shattuck argues that
the postmodern philosophical obsession with overturning truth and all
objectively recognized standards, arising in the first instance from
its worship of the thought of Frederich Nietzsche, is what has led to
what Judea Pearl calls the normalization of evil. In academic parlance,
it is the elevation and valorization of “transgression.” It is in this
atmosphere that evil has gotten for itself the name of the good, or at
least the “cool.” Thus, all the university courses featuring
masturbation, pole dancing, prostitution, and pornography offered in
our most prestigious institutions; the long since established argot of
“cool”, where “bad”, “wicked”, and even “evil” are descriptors not just
socially acceptable, but indicative of one’s cultural bone fides. (The
reductio in my mind is “Bad Girls of the Bible”, an attempt to
appropriate the current cultural nomenclature for use in a bible study
for church ladies). All of pop culture seems to have been given over to
evil and all its works: heavy metal music (note the allusion is to
poison), and even “death metal”; rap music’s glorification of every
pathology in existence; most of Hollywood’s production for the past
thirty years; comic books, and on and on—dozens of other examples have
no doubt come to your mind already. The continuous struggle between
good and evil is of course the central element in all of literature and
poetry, from the dawn of civilization; but the viewpoint has
changed—compare Quenton Tarantino’s ironic distance and coolness in
Reservoir Dogs,
Pulp Fiction, Kill Bill, etc, and
Les Liaisons Dangereuses by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, to Aeschylus’
Oresteia, or Dostoyevsky’s
Crime and Punishment, for a not untypical contrast.
We
seem to be at a point in our civilization where we have succumbed to
evil in its metaphysical sense—where forms of evil arising from human
agency are given a status as inevitable -- effectively a reversion to
natural evil. “People are evil—get used to it”, would be a slogan
capturing the zeitgeist. Or, as
this fellow’s T-shirt
states) watch the whole video) , “Nice day to rob people.” In fact, as
the video shows, many people actually prefer evil, as both Paul and
James, following Jesus, aver.
Acceptance of evil is a
characteristic of decadence, and Western societies are nothing if not
decadent; thus evil is celebrated, goodness is denigrated and mocked.
Perhaps it has always been so. But never with so much cool.
--
Harold Kildow, associate blogger at
Principalities and Powers.